This work proposes a new paradigm to tackle the problem of the concurrent optimisation of the topology and anisotropy descriptors of a variable-stiffness composite structure from additive manufacturing technology. The proposed methodology relies on the multi-scale two-level optimisation strategy based on non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) entities and the polar formalism. NURBS entities are used to describe both the topology and the distribution of the polar parameters and the thickness over the structure. The effectiveness of the approach is tested on benchmark problems taken from literature.This work proposes a new paradigm to tackle the problem of the concurrent optimisation of the topology and anisotropy descriptors of a variable-stiffness composite structure from additive manufacturing technology. The proposed methodology relies on the multi-scale two-level optimisation strategy based on non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) entities and the polar formalism. NURBS entities are used to describe both the topology and the distribution of the polar parameters and the thickness over the structure. The effectiveness of the approach is tested on benchmark problems taken from literature.